INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE
Men communicate with one another in their native language and convey their ideas and emotions. The
computer should receive the data in a form that could be understood by the machine with easily. To
communicate with the computer we must need a language. All programming languages are classified into
two categories.
1. Machine oriented language (or) Low level language.
2. Problem oriented language (or) High level language.
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES:
These languages are designed to give better machine efficiency. Low level language is a
combination of following two languages.
i. Assembly language.
ii. Machine language.
Machine Language:
The computer process data and other information only in machine language. A machine
language is a combination of only “0” and “1” which are called as “Binary Codes”. During the early stage
of the computer evolution, programs were prepared in machine language only. The ordinary user fined it
extremely difficult to write these instructions in Binary. Because it is very complicated.
Assembly Language:
To reduce the difficulties in preparing programs in the machine language a kind of
programming language known as assembly language was developed. In assembly language the instructions
are written in mnemonic codes. Assembly language is also varies from computer to computer. The
computer manufacturer supplies an assembler to translate the assembly language into the machine
language.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES:
These languages are used to give better programming efficiency. A high level language consists
of set of characters, words and certain rules (Syntax Rules), which help in preparing programs to make
use of computer for processing data. Compiler or Interpreters are used to translate the high level
language into machine level language.
TRANSLATORS:
To writing in machine language is very difficult. So programs are written in Assembly language
or some high level languages such as C, C++, BASIC, COBOL, etc. programs developed to translate
programs in H.L.L. to machine code are called as Translators. Translators are basically three types.
Assembler:
The programs written in the Assembly language is translated into the machine language by the
translator programs known as Assembler.
Interpreter: These programs translate high level language programs into machine language for execution
line by line, stops execution until each error if any; if you rectified the error then remaining lines will be
executed. The detection and corrections takes more time.
Ex: BASIC, COBOL etc
Compiler:
These programs translate high level language programs into machine language for execution
total program at a time. It lists the errors available in a program. The compilation and execution of a
program through compilers, it takes less time compared with the Interpreter.
Ex: C, C++ etc
ALGORITHM
The algorithm has come to refer to a method that can be used by a computer for the solution of
a problem. This makes the algorithm different from words such as process, technique or method.
Definition
An algorithm is well defined, finite set of computational instructions that accomplishes a
particular task, which may not take inputs and produces some values or a set of values as output. The
algorithm is made up of a sequence of numbered steps. Each step is preceded by a brief comment
describing its function.
Men communicate with one another in their native language and convey their ideas and emotions. The
computer should receive the data in a form that could be understood by the machine with easily. To
communicate with the computer we must need a language. All programming languages are classified into
two categories.
1. Machine oriented language (or) Low level language.
2. Problem oriented language (or) High level language.
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES:
These languages are designed to give better machine efficiency. Low level language is a
combination of following two languages.
i. Assembly language.
ii. Machine language.
Machine Language:
The computer process data and other information only in machine language. A machine
language is a combination of only “0” and “1” which are called as “Binary Codes”. During the early stage
of the computer evolution, programs were prepared in machine language only. The ordinary user fined it
extremely difficult to write these instructions in Binary. Because it is very complicated.
Assembly Language:
To reduce the difficulties in preparing programs in the machine language a kind of
programming language known as assembly language was developed. In assembly language the instructions
are written in mnemonic codes. Assembly language is also varies from computer to computer. The
computer manufacturer supplies an assembler to translate the assembly language into the machine
language.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES:
These languages are used to give better programming efficiency. A high level language consists
of set of characters, words and certain rules (Syntax Rules), which help in preparing programs to make
use of computer for processing data. Compiler or Interpreters are used to translate the high level
language into machine level language.
TRANSLATORS:
To writing in machine language is very difficult. So programs are written in Assembly language
or some high level languages such as C, C++, BASIC, COBOL, etc. programs developed to translate
programs in H.L.L. to machine code are called as Translators. Translators are basically three types.
Assembler:
The programs written in the Assembly language is translated into the machine language by the
translator programs known as Assembler.
Interpreter: These programs translate high level language programs into machine language for execution
line by line, stops execution until each error if any; if you rectified the error then remaining lines will be
executed. The detection and corrections takes more time.
Ex: BASIC, COBOL etc
Compiler:
These programs translate high level language programs into machine language for execution
total program at a time. It lists the errors available in a program. The compilation and execution of a
program through compilers, it takes less time compared with the Interpreter.
Ex: C, C++ etc
ALGORITHM
The algorithm has come to refer to a method that can be used by a computer for the solution of
a problem. This makes the algorithm different from words such as process, technique or method.
Definition
An algorithm is well defined, finite set of computational instructions that accomplishes a
particular task, which may not take inputs and produces some values or a set of values as output. The
algorithm is made up of a sequence of numbered steps. Each step is preceded by a brief comment
describing its function.
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